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Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati
Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Mufarraj bin Ani al-Khalil, better known as Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Ibn al-Rumiya or al-Ashshab,〔"The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain," taken from Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari's Nafhut Tibb min Ghusn al-Andalus al-Ratib wa Tarikh Lisan ad-Din Ibn al-Khatib. Translated by Pascual de Gayangos y Arce from copies in the British Museum, vol. 1, pg. 871. London: The Orientalist Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by W. H. Allen Ltd and M. Duprat.〕 ((アラビア語:أبو العباس النباتي), ''Abu’l-ʿAbbās al-Nabātī'') (c. 1200) was an Andalusian scientist, botanist, pharmacist and theologian. He is noted for introducing the experimental scientific method in the area of materia medica.〔"Tradition and Perspectives of Diabetes Treatment in Greco-Arab and Islamic Medicine." Taken from ''Bioactive Food As Dietary Interventions for Diabetes'', pg. 321. Eds. Ronald Ross Watson and Victor Preedy. Academic Press, 2012. ISBN 9780123971531〕 His techniques such as separating verified and unverified reports led to the development of the field of pharmacology. He was a teacher of fellow Andalusian botanist Ibn al-Baitar.〔Emilia Calvo, "Ibn al-Baytar." Taken from the ''Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-western Cultures'', pg. 404. Ed. H. Selin. New York: Springer Publishing, 1997. ISBN 9780792340669〕〔(The Book of Medicinal and Nutritional Terms ) at the World Digital Library. Last updated: March 16, 2012. Accessed June 3, 2013.〕
==Life==
Though often referred to by multiple nicknames, Nabati's birth name was Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Mufarrij bin Abdillah. Nabati was a descendant of freed slaves, and the nickname Ibn al-Rumiyah〔Toufic Fahd, "Botany and agriculture." Taken from ''Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences'', pg. 819. Ed. Roshdi Rasheed. London: Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0415124123〕 or "son of the Roman woman" was due to his Byzantine Greek ethnicity, a fact which was said to cause Nabati a measure of embarrassment.〔"Ibn al-Rumiyya." Taken from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, fascicules 5-6, pg. 396. Eds. Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Bernard Lewis and Charles Pellat. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1982. ISBN 9789004061163〕
Born in Seville, Spain in 1166,〔 Nabati traveled to North Africa, the Levant and Iraq while pursuing his education, eventually spending a period in Alexandria in 1216.〔Salahuddin Khuda Bukhsh, ''Studies: Indian and Islamic'', pg. 180. London: Routledge, 2001.〕 He later returned to Seville and opened a pharmacy.〔K.H. Batanouny, (Wild Medicinal Plants in Egypt: An Inventory to Support Conservation and Sustainable Use ), (pg. 8 ). In collaboration with S Abou Tabl, M. Shabana and F. Soliman and support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (Egypt), International Union for Conservation of Nature. Cairo: January 30th, 1999.〕
Nabati was also a theologian. Though he initially followed the Maliki school of Sunni Islam, Nabati later chose to switch to the Zahirite school,〔 being described as a "fanatical" adherent of the teachings of Ibn Hazm.〔Ignác Goldziher, ''The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and Their History'', Brill Classics in Islam Volume 3, pg. 171. Brill Publishers: Boston, 2008〕 He died in 1240.〔
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